AI Chatbots Show Bias Toward Catholicism, Researchers Say
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Leading AI models consistently showed a positive bias toward Catholicism in conversion-related questions while steering users away from other faiths, according to a new multi-university benchmark released Tuesday.
Key facts
- Grok 4.20 showed the strongest religious bias in the study, with a 69% and 51% positive rating toward Catholicism and Evangelical Protestant, respectively
- Despite the growing focus on AI by religious leaders, the consortium said religious bias remains largely overlooked in AI research, with only 0.2% of more than 12,000 AI bias papers examining
- The mainline Protestant religion received a 49.2% rating, while Evangelical Protestant received 34%
- The research comes from the newly formed Consortium for Evaluating Faith and Ethics in AI, or CEFE-AI, a collaboration between Baylor University, Brigham Young University, the University of Notre
Summary
Researchers found that every AI model tested showed positive bias toward Catholicism and negative bias toward Jehovah’s Witnesses. Grok showed the strongest religious bias, while Anthropic and Meta models showed the least. The findings arrive one day after Pope Leo XIV warned that AI systems absorb the values of their creators. The research comes from the newly formed Consortium for Evaluating Faith and Ethics in AI, or CEFE-AI, a collaboration between Baylor University, Brigham Young University, the University of Notre Dame, and Yeshiva University.